Types of Sugar Work

Pulled Sugar

The sugar has been cooked; the now-liquid sugar is poured onto a silicone rubber mat (e.g., Silpat). Any colouring is now added. The sugar is then folded repeatedly into itself, until the sugar is, while still flexible, cool enough to handle. The sugar is then stretched out and then folded on itself repeatedly. This process incorporates air into the sugar, and gives it bright lustre sheen. The sugar can then be sculpted by hand into various shapes, made into ribbons, or blown.

Blown Sugar

In blown sugar, a portion of pulled sugar is placed on a rubber pump which is tipped with either wood or metal. Pumps are most commonly hand pumps. While being blown, the sugar can be shaped, often into animals or flowers. Blown sugar cannot be quickly cooled by dipping it in water, so chefs must use fans to cool the sugar, all the while rotating it, so that it does not come out of shape. This technique is very useful in making balloons for wedding cakes.

Cast Sugar

In this technique, sugar is poured into moulds. This technique produces more sturdy pieces than pulled and blown sugar, and is almost always used for the base and structural elements of showpieces. Cast sugar can also be used in many recipes such as a simplicity called cake.

Pastillage

A thick sugar paste, similar to gum paste, is moulded into shapes. When dried, it is hard and brittle. Made with gelatine, water and confectioner's sugar, it hardens quickly and can be shaped for a short while by hand, and after hardening, with electric grinders, cutters, sandpaper and assorted files. Some recipes will contain an acid in the ingredients list, such as vinegar or cream of tartar.

Pressed Sugar

Granulated sugar is mixed with a minimal amount of water, and is put under pressure. It hardens into a solid piece. Though this is used for showpiece bases, it is less often used because of the time required to produce it, and its lesser aesthetic value.

Rock Sugar

The liquid sugar is blended with a small amount of royal icing. The heat from the sugar causes the air incorporated in the icing to rapidly expand, causing the mixture to grow to several times its original volume. The mixture is quickly poured into a lined dish, and placed into a blast chiller to set. This process produces a sugar mass with the texture of volcanic pumice, the colour of which is determined by the colour of the sugar syrup.

Spun Sugar

Sugar syrup is made into long extremely thin strands which can be shaped to make things like birds’ nests. The sugar is gathered on a fork or a special tool designed for spinning sugar and is flicked in long strokes over succeeding pipes.